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The most viable places on Vesta

All 106 named places on Vesta, scored one coordinate at a time on sunlight, water, radiation, temperature, ground and access — then ranked. Feralia Planitia comes out first.

Vesta as a whole rates 56.2/100 to settle, and that single number is the same for every square metre of it. It is also the wrong number for a mission, because sunlight, water, radiation dose and the ground itself all change with where you stand. The ranking below re-asks the question at each of 106 catalogued coordinates and reports the difference from the median site — so a score of 56.2 here means “typical for Vesta”, not “good”.

Water on Vesta: Dawn found hydrogen-rich, hydrated material in the darker low-latitude terrain, but no ice.

1Feralia PlanitiaPlanitia3° N, 102° E270 km53.4-2.8
Sunlight: 100% of the sunlight the sunniest latitude on Vesta gets · Water: Same as everywhere else on this world
2Vestalia TerraTerra4° S, 33° E336 km54.3-1.9
Sunlight: 100% of the sunlight the sunniest latitude on Vesta gets · Water: Same as everywhere else on this world
3EumachiaCrater0° N, 43° W25.8 km55.2-1
Sunlight: 100% of the sunlight the sunniest latitude on Vesta gets · Water: Same as everywhere else on this world
4CossiniaCrater1° N, 179° E15.7 km55.2-1
Sunlight: 100% of the sunlight the sunniest latitude on Vesta gets · Water: Same as everywhere else on this world
5PortiaCrater1° N, 169° W11.4 km55.2-1
Sunlight: 100% of the sunlight the sunniest latitude on Vesta gets · Water: Same as everywhere else on this world
6CoeliaCrater1° S, 120° W14.1 km55.2-1
Sunlight: 100% of the sunlight the sunniest latitude on Vesta gets · Water: Same as everywhere else on this world
7ClaudiaCrater2° S, 146° E0.6 km55.2-1
Sunlight: 100% of the sunlight the sunniest latitude on Vesta gets · Water: Same as everywhere else on this world
8OctaviaCrater3° S, 63° W30.6 km55.2-1
Sunlight: 100% of the sunlight the sunniest latitude on Vesta gets · Water: Same as everywhere else on this world
9TeiaCrater3° S, 61° E6.7 km55.2-1
Sunlight: 100% of the sunlight the sunniest latitude on Vesta gets · Water: Same as everywhere else on this world
10GeganiaCrater4° N, 149° W22.3 km55.2-1
Sunlight: 100% of the sunlight the sunniest latitude on Vesta gets · Water: Same as everywhere else on this world
11VetteniaCrater5° N, 131° W18.9 km55.2-1
Sunlight: 100% of the sunlight the sunniest latitude on Vesta gets · Water: Same as everywhere else on this world
12RubriaCrater7° S, 168° E10.3 km55.3-0.9
Sunlight: 99% of the sunlight the sunniest latitude on Vesta gets · Water: Same as everywhere else on this world
13NumisiaCrater7° S, 37° E29.9 km55.3-0.9
Sunlight: 99% of the sunlight the sunniest latitude on Vesta gets · Water: Same as everywhere else on this world
14AconiaCrater8° N, 151° E19 km55.3-0.9
Sunlight: 99% of the sunlight the sunniest latitude on Vesta gets · Water: Same as everywhere else on this world
15OppiaCrater8° S, 99° E36.7 km55.3-0.9
Sunlight: 99% of the sunlight the sunniest latitude on Vesta gets · Water: Same as everywhere else on this world
16MarciaCrater9° N, 20° W67.6 km55.3-0.9
Sunlight: 99% of the sunlight the sunniest latitude on Vesta gets · Water: Same as everywhere else on this world
17FlavolaCrater9° S, 30° W2.9 km55.3-0.9
Sunlight: 99% of the sunlight the sunniest latitude on Vesta gets · Water: Same as everywhere else on this world
18CorneliaCrater9° S, 16° E14.9 km55.3-0.9
Sunlight: 99% of the sunlight the sunniest latitude on Vesta gets · Water: Same as everywhere else on this world
19PaulinaCrater11° N, 133° E18.1 km55.3-0.9
Sunlight: 98% of the sunlight the sunniest latitude on Vesta gets · Water: Same as everywhere else on this world
20DomnaCrater11° S, 134° W13.5 km55.3-0.9
Sunlight: 98% of the sunlight the sunniest latitude on Vesta gets · Water: Same as everywhere else on this world
21RufilliaCrater13° S, 71° W15.8 km55.4-0.8
Sunlight: 98% of the sunlight the sunniest latitude on Vesta gets · Water: Same as everywhere else on this world
22AeliaCrater14° S, 69° W4.3 km55.4-0.8
Sunlight: 97% of the sunlight the sunniest latitude on Vesta gets · Water: Same as everywhere else on this world
23PubliciaCrater15° N, 126° W15.8 km55.4-0.8
Sunlight: 97% of the sunlight the sunniest latitude on Vesta gets · Water: Same as everywhere else on this world
24LaetaCrater15° N, 30° W1.4 km55.5-0.7
Sunlight: 97% of the sunlight the sunniest latitude on Vesta gets · Water: Same as everywhere else on this world
25DrusillaCrater15° S, 51° E20.3 km55.5-0.7
Sunlight: 97% of the sunlight the sunniest latitude on Vesta gets · Water: Same as everywhere else on this world
26OcciaCrater15° S, 168° E7.3 km55.5-0.7
Sunlight: 97% of the sunlight the sunniest latitude on Vesta gets · Water: Same as everywhere else on this world
27FabiaCrater16° N, 56° E11.6 km55.5-0.7
Sunlight: 97% of the sunlight the sunniest latitude on Vesta gets · Water: Same as everywhere else on this world
28CalpurniaCrater17° N, 11° W50.2 km55.5-0.7
Sunlight: 96% of the sunlight the sunniest latitude on Vesta gets · Water: Same as everywhere else on this world
29LepidaCrater17° N, 97° E42.9 km55.5-0.7
Sunlight: 96% of the sunlight the sunniest latitude on Vesta gets · Water: Same as everywhere else on this world
30MinervinaCrater17° N, 161° W18.3 km55.5-0.7
Sunlight: 96% of the sunlight the sunniest latitude on Vesta gets · Water: Same as everywhere else on this world
31PlacidiaCrater19° N, 79° W14.8 km55.6-0.6
Sunlight: 95% of the sunlight the sunniest latitude on Vesta gets · Water: Same as everywhere else on this world
32MinuciaCrater20° N, 3° W23.1 km55.6-0.6
Sunlight: 95% of the sunlight the sunniest latitude on Vesta gets · Water: Same as everywhere else on this world
33SerenaCrater20° S, 89° W18.5 km55.7-0.5
Sunlight: 95% of the sunlight the sunniest latitude on Vesta gets · Water: Same as everywhere else on this world
34EutropiaCrater22° N, 105° W21.1 km55.7-0.5
Sunlight: 93% of the sunlight the sunniest latitude on Vesta gets · Water: Same as everywhere else on this world
35Brumalia TholusTholus6° S, 65° E48.2 km55.8-0.4
Sunlight: 99% of the sunlight the sunniest latitude on Vesta gets · Water: Same as everywhere else on this world
36PerpenniaCrater23° S, 101° W21.4 km55.8-0.4
Sunlight: 93% of the sunlight the sunniest latitude on Vesta gets · Water: Same as everywhere else on this world
37LiciniaCrater23° N, 167° E24.1 km55.8-0.4
Sunlight: 93% of the sunlight the sunniest latitude on Vesta gets · Water: Same as everywhere else on this world
38Lucaria TholusTholus13° S, 106° W24.7 km55.9-0.3
Sunlight: 98% of the sunlight the sunniest latitude on Vesta gets · Water: Same as everywhere else on this world
39FaustaCrater25° S, 100° E3.1 km55.9-0.3
Sunlight: 92% of the sunlight the sunniest latitude on Vesta gets · Water: Same as everywhere else on this world
40Aricia TholusTholus13° N, 48° W39 km55.9-0.3
Sunlight: 98% of the sunlight the sunniest latitude on Vesta gets · Water: Same as everywhere else on this world
What this ranking cannot see

Elevation. Every score above comes from a latitude, a longitude and a feature class — never from a terrain model — so slope, local shadowing and the polar peaks of eternal light are invisible to it. That last one matters: on a world tilted barely a degree, a ridge top near the pole can catch sunlight almost continuously while a crater floor a few kilometres away has not seen the Sun in two billion years. This model scores the average surface at a latitude, so it reads poles as dark and ranks them accordingly. Where a real mission targets a pole, that is usually the reason — and the reason to read this as one input, not a verdict.