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Zip CNN

Training compute
1.5×10¹² FLOP
Parameters
9.8K
Published
Dec 1, 1989

Zip CNN is an AI model developed by AT&T and Bell Laboratories (United States), first published in December 1989. It works in the vision domain, on tasks such as character recognition (ocr). It counts among the frontier models: the systems trained with the most compute of their moment.

Training it took an estimated 1.5×10¹² FLOP of compute (estimation method: operation counting). The model has 9,760 parameters. It was trained on roughly 7.3K datapoints.

The reference paper has 11,725 citations. Epoch AI rates the confidence of this record as confident.

Full record
Organization
AT&T, Bell Laboratories
Country of organization
United States
Domain
Vision
Task
Character recognition (OCR)
Training compute
1.5×10¹² FLOP
Compute estimation method
Operation counting
Parameters
9,760
Dataset size
7.3K
Citations
11,725
Epoch confidence
Confident
More from AT&T,Bell Laboratories
SourceEpoch AI, 'AI Models'. Published online at epoch.ai. Retrieved 2026-07-29 from https://epoch.ai/data/ai-models. Licensed under CC BY 4.0.
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