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Pythia-12b

Training compute
2.2×10²² FLOP
Parameters
12B
Published
Apr 3, 2023

Pythia-12b is an AI model developed by EleutherAI, Booz Allen Hamilton, McLean, University of Cambridge, Indraprastha Institute of Information Technology Delhi, Stability AI and 2 more (United States, United Kingdom, India and Netherlands), first published in April 2023. It works in the language domain, on tasks such as language modeling/generation and question answering.

Training it took an estimated 2.2×10²² FLOP of compute (estimation method: operation counting). The model has 12,000,000,000 parameters. It was trained on roughly 299.9B datapoints. Training ran on 256 NVIDIA A100 SXM4 40 GB.

Access: Open weights (unrestricted). Its weights are openly available. The reference paper has 1,862 citations. Epoch AI rates the confidence of this record as confident.

Full record
Organization
EleutherAI, Booz Allen Hamilton, McLean, University of Cambridge, Indraprastha Institute of Information Technology Delhi, Stability AI, datasaur.ai, University of Amsterdam
Country of organization
United States, United Kingdom, India, Netherlands
Domain
Language
Task
Language modeling/generation, Question answering
Training compute
2.2×10²² FLOP
Compute estimation method
Operation counting
Parameters
12,000,000,000
Dataset size
299.9B
Training hardware
NVIDIA A100 SXM4 40 GB
Chips used
256
Chip-hours
72.3K
Training power draw
204.1 kW
Model accessibility
Open weights (unrestricted)
Open weights
Yes
Citations
1,862
Epoch confidence
Confident
More from EleutherAI,Booz Allen Hamilton, McLean,University of Cambridge,Indraprastha Institute of Information Technology Delhi,Stability AI,datasaur.ai,University of Amsterdam
SourceEpoch AI, 'AI Models'. Published online at epoch.ai. Retrieved 2026-07-29 from https://epoch.ai/data/ai-models. Licensed under CC BY 4.0.
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