AI models
NPLM (Brown)
Training compute
1.3×10¹⁴ FLOP
Parameters
4.1M
Published
Mar 15, 2003
NPLM (Brown) is an AI model developed by University of Montreal / Université de Montréal (Canada), first published in March 2003. It works in the language domain, on tasks such as text autocompletion. It counts among the frontier models: the systems trained with the most compute of their moment.
Training it took an estimated 1.3×10¹⁴ FLOP of compute (estimation method: operation counting). The model has 4,124,233 parameters. It was trained on roughly 14M datapoints.
The reference paper has 7,637 citations. Epoch AI rates the confidence of this record as confident.
Full record
- Organization
- University of Montreal / Université de Montréal
- Country of organization
- Canada
- Domain
- Language
- Task
- Text autocompletion
- Training compute
- 1.3×10¹⁴ FLOP
- Compute estimation method
- Operation counting
- Parameters
- 4,124,233
- Dataset size
- 14M
- Citations
- 7,637
- Epoch confidence
- Confident
More from University of Montreal / Université de Montréal
SourceEpoch AI, 'AI Models'. Published online at epoch.ai. Retrieved 2026-07-29 from https://epoch.ai/data/ai-models. Licensed under CC BY 4.0.
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