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Minerva (540B)

Training compute
2.7×10²⁴ FLOP
Parameters
540.4B
Published
Jun 29, 2022

Minerva (540B) is an AI model developed by Google (United States), first published in June 2022. It works in the language domain, on tasks such as quantitative reasoning, mathematical reasoning, language modeling/generation and question answering. It counts among the frontier models: the systems trained with the most compute of their moment.

Training it took an estimated 2.7×10²⁴ FLOP of compute (estimation method: hardware). The model has 540,350,000,000 parameters. It was trained on roughly 26B datapoints. Training ran on 1,024 Google TPU v4 for about 696 hours.

Access: Unreleased. Its weights are not openly released. It is built on top of PaLM (540B). The reference paper has 1,673 citations. Epoch AI rates the confidence of this record as confident.

Full record
Organization
Google
Country of organization
United States
Domain
Language
Task
Quantitative reasoning, Mathematical reasoning, Language modeling/generation, Question answering
Training compute
2.7×10²⁴ FLOP
Compute estimation method
Hardware
Parameters
540,350,000,000
Dataset size
26B
Training hardware
Google TPU v4
Chips used
1,024
Training time
696 h
Chip-hours
712.7K
Training power draw
698.4 kW
Model accessibility
Unreleased
Open weights
No
Base model
PaLM (540B)
Citations
1,673
Epoch confidence
Confident
More from Google
SourceEpoch AI, 'AI Models'. Published online at epoch.ai. Retrieved 2026-07-29 from https://epoch.ai/data/ai-models. Licensed under CC BY 4.0.
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