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Inception v3

Training compute
10²⁰ FLOP
Parameters
23.6M
Published
Dec 2, 2015

Inception v3 is an AI model developed by Google and University College London (UCL) (United States and United Kingdom), first published in December 2015. It works in the vision domain, on tasks such as image classification. It counts among the frontier models: the systems trained with the most compute of their moment.

Training it took an estimated 10²⁰ FLOP of compute (estimation method: third-party estimation). The model has 23,626,728 parameters. It was trained on roughly 1.2M datapoints. The compute alone is estimated at $1K in 2023 dollars.

The reference paper has 30,915 citations. Epoch AI rates the confidence of this record as likely.

Full record
Organization
Google, University College London (UCL)
Country of organization
United States, United Kingdom
Domain
Vision
Task
Image classification
Training compute
10²⁰ FLOP
Compute estimation method
Third-party estimation
Parameters
23,626,728
Dataset size
1.2M
Training cost (2023 USD)
$1K
Citations
30,915
Epoch confidence
Likely
SourceEpoch AI, 'AI Models'. Published online at epoch.ai. Retrieved 2026-07-29 from https://epoch.ai/data/ai-models. Licensed under CC BY 4.0.
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