AI models
HSO
Training compute
2.3×10²¹ FLOP
Parameters
345M
Published
Dec 16, 2021
HSO is an AI model developed by Toyota Technological Institute at Chicago (United States), first published in December 2021. It works in the language domain, on tasks such as language modeling/generation.
Training it took an estimated 2.3×10²¹ FLOP of compute (estimation method: comparison with other models). The model has 345,000,000 parameters.
Access: Unreleased. Its weights are not openly released. It is built on top of GPT-2 (355M). The reference paper has 4 citations. Epoch AI rates the confidence of this record as speculative.
Full record
- Organization
- Toyota Technological Institute at Chicago
- Country of organization
- United States
- Domain
- Language
- Task
- Language modeling/generation
- Training compute
- 2.3×10²¹ FLOP
- Compute estimation method
- Comparison with other models
- Parameters
- 345,000,000
- Dataset size
- 0
- Model accessibility
- Unreleased
- Open weights
- No
- Base model
- GPT-2 (355M)
- Citations
- 4
- Epoch confidence
- Speculative
More from Toyota Technological Institute at Chicago
SourceEpoch AI, 'AI Models'. Published online at epoch.ai. Retrieved 2026-07-29 from https://epoch.ai/data/ai-models. Licensed under CC BY 4.0.
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