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BigGAN-deep 512x512

Training compute
1.8×10²¹ FLOP
Parameters
112.7M
Published
Sep 28, 2018

BigGAN-deep 512x512 is an AI model developed by Heriot-Watt University and DeepMind (United Kingdom), first published in September 2018. It works in the image generation domain, on tasks such as image generation. It counts among the frontier models: the systems trained with the most compute of their moment.

Training it took an estimated 1.8×10²¹ FLOP of compute (estimation method: third-party estimation). The model has 112,694,781 parameters. It was trained on roughly 584M datapoints. Training ran on 256 Google TPU v3 for about 48 hours. The compute alone is estimated at $5K in 2023 dollars.

Access: Open weights (unrestricted). Its weights are openly available. The reference paper has 6,101 citations. Epoch AI rates the confidence of this record as likely.

Full record
Organization
Heriot-Watt University, DeepMind
Country of organization
United Kingdom
Domain
Image generation
Task
Image generation
Training compute
1.8×10²¹ FLOP
Compute estimation method
Third-party estimation
Parameters
112,694,781
Dataset size
584M
Training hardware
Google TPU v3
Chips used
256
Training time
48 h
Chip-hours
12.3K
Training power draw
238.2 kW
Training cost (2023 USD)
$5K
Numerical format
FP32
Model accessibility
Open weights (unrestricted)
Open weights
Yes
Citations
6,101
Epoch confidence
Likely
SourceEpoch AI, 'AI Models'. Published online at epoch.ai. Retrieved 2026-07-29 from https://epoch.ai/data/ai-models. Licensed under CC BY 4.0.
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