Llama 3.1-405B vs U-PaLM (540B)

Llama 3.1-405B (Meta AI) and U-PaLM (540B) (Google) are both frontier AI models. Llama 3.1-405B was published in July 2024 and U-PaLM (540B) in October 2022.

Llama 3.1-405B was trained on 3.8×10²⁵ FLOP, about 15.0x the compute of U-PaLM (540B) at 2.5×10²⁴ FLOP. Training compute is the closest available proxy for how much was invested in a model, though it says nothing on its own about how well that compute was spent.

These two models share no benchmark on which both have been scored, so no direct performance comparison is possible here. The specification table below is a comparison of inputs, not of results.