GPT-4 (Jun 2023) (OpenAI) and Llama 3.1-405B (Meta AI) are both frontier AI models. GPT-4 (Jun 2023) was published in June 2023 and Llama 3.1-405B in July 2024.
Llama 3.1-405B was trained on 3.8×10²⁵ FLOP, about 1.8x the compute of GPT-4 (Jun 2023) at 2.1×10²⁵ FLOP. Training compute is the closest available proxy for how much was invested in a model, though it says nothing on its own about how well that compute was spent.
Llama 3.1-405B wins the single benchmark both were scored on. Benchmark counts are a crude scoreboard — the evaluations differ wildly in what they measure and in how saturated they are — so the per-benchmark table below matters more than the tally.
