Organization
University of Toronto
Tracked models
54
Frontier models
3
Largest training run
5.4 x 10^23 FLOP
54 tracked AI models list University of Toronto as a developer. 3 of them are frontier models — among the largest training runs of their moment. The largest is Llemma 34B, at 5.4 x 10^23 FLOP (October 2023). The most recent tracked release is from March 2025.
Models (54)
Llemma 34B5.4 x 10^23 FLOPLlemma 7B1.2 x 10^23 FLOPDreamerV32.2 x 10^20 FLOPProteinSGM3 x 10^19 FLOPChemBERTa8.5 x 10^18 FLOPMolPhenix4.3 x 10^18 FLOPAlexNet4.7 x 10^17 FLOPDropout (ImageNet)2.7 x 10^17 FLOPReLU-Speech1.3 x 10^17 FLOPDeep Autoencoders3.7 x 10^16 FLOPDropout (MNIST)6 x 10^15 FLOPDropout (CIFAR)4.3 x 10^15 FLOPRNN+weight noise+dynamic eval4.2 x 10^15 FLOPADAM (CIFAR-10)6.2 x 10^14 FLOPCredibilty Network5.4 x 10^6 FLOP3DGUTMarch 2025Diffusion RendererMarch 2025Difix3D+March 2025CodonTransformerSeptember 2024ProteinDTFebruary 2023scFormerNovember 2022CPCProtNovember 2020LSTM+Adam+LookaheadJuly 2019Prototypical networksMarch 2017Layer-Norm Fast Weights RNNDecember 2016Layer Normalization: The Attentive ReaderJuly 2016Order embeddings with layer normJuly 2016Layer Normalization: Skip ThoughtsJuly 2016Layer Normalization: DrawJuly 2016Layer Normalization: Handwriting sequence generationJuly 2016Order-Embeddings of Images and LanguageMarch 2016BPLDecember 2015Skip-ThoughtsJune 2015SC-NLMNovember 2014RNN-WERJune 2014Dropout: SVHNJune 2014DBN for NLPFebruary 2014DBLSTMDecember 2013PreTrans-3L-250HMarch 2013Bayesian automated hyperparameter tuningDecember 2012Dropout (TIMIT)June 2012ReLU (LFW)June 2010ReLU (NORB)June 2010Stacked Denoising AutoencodersJanuary 2010Deep Boltzmann MachinesApril 2009RBM Image ClassifierApril 2009BP-DBNJanuary 2009Semantic HashingDecember 2008ADAPTIVE NLPMDecember 2008HLBLDecember 2008Restricted Bolzmann machinesJune 2007Deep Belief NetsJuly 2006Dimensionality ReductionJuly 2006Restricted Boltzmann machine for Face RecognitionApril 2001
SourceEpoch AI, 'AI Models'. Published online at epoch.ai. Retrieved 2026-07-29 from https://epoch.ai/data/ai-models. Licensed under CC BY 4.0.
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