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The most viable places on Europa

All 129 named places on Europa, scored one coordinate at a time on sunlight, water, radiation, temperature, ground and access — then ranked. Tara Regio comes out first.

Europa as a whole rates 60.9/100 to settle, and that single number is the same for every square metre of it. It is also the wrong number for a mission, because sunlight, water, radiation dose and the ground itself all change with where you stand. The ranking below re-asks the question at each of 129 catalogued coordinates and reports the difference from the median site — so a score of 60.9 here means “typical for Europa”, not “good”.

Water on Europa: The surface is water ice, everywhere, over a liquid ocean.

1Tara RegioRegio10° S, 75° W1,780 km57.7-3.2
Sunlight: 98% of the sunlight the sunniest latitude on Europa gets · Temperature: About -153 °C mean at this latitude
2CliodhnaCrater3° S, 76° W3 km58.3-2.6
Sunlight: 100% of the sunlight the sunniest latitude on Europa gets · Temperature: About -153 °C mean at this latitude
3BrigidCrater11° N, 81° W9.5 km58.3-2.6
Sunlight: 98% of the sunlight the sunniest latitude on Europa gets · Temperature: About -153 °C mean at this latitude
4Powys RegioRegio0° N, 145° W2,000 km58.3-2.6
Sunlight: 100% of the sunlight the sunniest latitude on Europa gets · Temperature: About -153 °C mean at this latitude
5AngusCrater13° S, 75° W4.5 km58.4-2.5
Sunlight: 98% of the sunlight the sunniest latitude on Europa gets · Temperature: About -154 °C mean at this latitude
6Drizzlecomb LineaLinea8° N, 112° W1,500 km58.7-2.2
Sunlight: 99% of the sunlight the sunniest latitude on Europa gets · Temperature: About -153 °C mean at this latitude
7CamulusCrater27° S, 81° W4.5 km58.8-2.1
Water: Same as everywhere else on this world · Temperature: About -156 °C mean at this latitude
8Beenalaght FossaFossa1° N, 82° W882 km58.8-2.1
Sunlight: 100% of the sunlight the sunniest latitude on Europa gets · Temperature: About -153 °C mean at this latitude
9ElathanCrater32° S, 80° W2.5 km59.1-1.8
Water: Same as everywhere else on this world · Temperature: About -158 °C mean at this latitude
10MorvranCrater5° S, 153° W15 km59.2-1.7
Sunlight: 100% of the sunlight the sunniest latitude on Europa gets · Temperature: About -153 °C mean at this latitude
11Euphemus LineaLinea11° S, 46° W1,250 km59.2-1.7
Sunlight: 98% of the sunlight the sunniest latitude on Europa gets · Temperature: About -154 °C mean at this latitude
12CormacCrater37° S, 88° W4 km59.3-1.6
Water: Same as everywhere else on this world · Temperature: About -159 °C mean at this latitude
13TegidCrater1° N, 164° W29.7 km59.4-1.5
Sunlight: 100% of the sunlight the sunniest latitude on Europa gets · Temperature: About -153 °C mean at this latitude
14TaliesinCrater23° S, 138° W50 km59.4-1.5
Water: Same as everywhere else on this world · Temperature: About -155 °C mean at this latitude
15Staldon LineaLinea1° S, 27° W1,525 km59.4-1.5
Sunlight: 100% of the sunlight the sunniest latitude on Europa gets · Temperature: About -153 °C mean at this latitude
16AvagdduCrater1° N, 170° W10 km59.5-1.4
Sunlight: 100% of the sunlight the sunniest latitude on Europa gets · Temperature: About -153 °C mean at this latitude
17BressCrater38° N, 99° W10 km59.5-1.4
Water: Same as everywhere else on this world · Temperature: About -160 °C mean at this latitude
18LugCrater28° N, 44° W11 km59.6-1.3
Water: Same as everywhere else on this world · Temperature: About -157 °C mean at this latitude
19Argadnel RegioRegio15° S, 152° E1,900 km59.7-1.2
Sunlight: 97% of the sunlight the sunniest latitude on Europa gets · Radiation geometry: On the boundary between the leading and trailing hemispheres
20CilixCrater3° N, 178° E15 km59.7-1.2
Sunlight: 100% of the sunlight the sunniest latitude on Europa gets · Temperature: About -153 °C mean at this latitude
21Arran ChaosChaos13° N, 81° W26 km59.7-1.2
Sunlight: 97% of the sunlight the sunniest latitude on Europa gets · Ground: Broken ground — hard to reach, and worth reaching for the shelter and the exposed strata
22AmaethonCrater14° N, 177° W1.7 km59.8-1.1
Sunlight: 97% of the sunlight the sunniest latitude on Europa gets · Temperature: About -154 °C mean at this latitude
23Ino LineaLinea2° S, 175° W1,515 km59.8-1.1
Sunlight: 100% of the sunlight the sunniest latitude on Europa gets · Temperature: About -153 °C mean at this latitude
24Telephassa LineaLinea1° S, 177° W777 km59.9-1
Sunlight: 100% of the sunlight the sunniest latitude on Europa gets · Temperature: About -153 °C mean at this latitude
25Corick LineaLinea18° N, 18° W1,300 km59.9-1
Sunlight: 95% of the sunlight the sunniest latitude on Europa gets · Temperature: About -154 °C mean at this latitude
26Murias ChaosChaos22° N, 84° W116 km60-0.9
Water: Same as everywhere else on this world · Ground: Broken ground — hard to reach, and worth reaching for the shelter and the exposed strata
27Autonoe LineaLinea18° N, 165° W760 km60-0.9
Water: Same as everywhere else on this world · Temperature: About -154 °C mean at this latitude
28Castalia MaculaMacula2° S, 134° E35 km60-0.9
Sunlight: 100% of the sunlight the sunniest latitude on Europa gets · Radiation geometry: On the trailing hemisphere, which takes the brunt of the bombardment
29GwernCrater9° N, 15° E22.2 km60-0.9
Sunlight: 99% of the sunlight the sunniest latitude on Europa gets · Temperature: About -153 °C mean at this latitude
30Belenos MensaMensa43° N, 75° W34 km60-0.9
Water: Same as everywhere else on this world · Temperature: About -162 °C mean at this latitude
31Annwn RegioRegio20° N, 40° E2,300 km60-0.9
Water: Same as everywhere else on this world · Radiation geometry: On the trailing hemisphere, which takes the brunt of the bombardment
32MidirCrater4° N, 21° E37.4 km60.1-0.8
Sunlight: 100% of the sunlight the sunniest latitude on Europa gets · Temperature: About -153 °C mean at this latitude
33UaithneCrater49° S, 91° W6.5 km60.1-0.8
Water: Same as everywhere else on this world · Temperature: About -165 °C mean at this latitude
34Echion LineaLinea12° S, 175° E1,026 km60.2-0.7
Sunlight: 98% of the sunlight the sunniest latitude on Europa gets · Temperature: About -154 °C mean at this latitude
35TyreLarge ringed feature34° N, 147° W149 km60.2-0.7
Water: Same as everywhere else on this world · Temperature: About -158 °C mean at this latitude
36Argiope LineaLinea2° S, 164° E689 km60.2-0.7
Sunlight: 100% of the sunlight the sunniest latitude on Europa gets · Temperature: About -153 °C mean at this latitude
37Rathmore ChaosChaos25° N, 75° W57 km60.2-0.7
Water: Same as everywhere else on this world · Ground: Broken ground — hard to reach, and worth reaching for the shelter and the exposed strata
38Mael DuinCrater17° S, 162° E2 km60.3-0.6
Sunlight: 96% of the sunlight the sunniest latitude on Europa gets · Temperature: About -154 °C mean at this latitude
39Dyfed RegioRegio10° N, 110° E1,750 km60.3-0.6
Sunlight: 98% of the sunlight the sunniest latitude on Europa gets · Radiation geometry: On the trailing hemisphere, which takes the brunt of the bombardment
40Falga RegioRegio30° N, 150° E2,500 km60.3-0.6
Water: Same as everywhere else on this world · Radiation geometry: On the boundary between the leading and trailing hemispheres
What this ranking cannot see

Elevation. Every score above comes from a latitude, a longitude and a feature class — never from a terrain model — so slope, local shadowing and the polar peaks of eternal light are invisible to it. That last one matters: on a world tilted barely a degree, a ridge top near the pole can catch sunlight almost continuously while a crater floor a few kilometres away has not seen the Sun in two billion years. This model scores the average surface at a latitude, so it reads poles as dark and ranks them accordingly. Where a real mission targets a pole, that is usually the reason — and the reason to read this as one input, not a verdict.