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The most viable places on Mercury

All 606 named places on Mercury, scored one coordinate at a time on sunlight, water, radiation, temperature, ground and access — then ranked. Kobro comes out first.

Mercury as a whole rates 46/100 to settle, and that single number is the same for every square metre of it. It is also the wrong number for a mission, because sunlight, water, radiation dose and the ground itself all change with where you stand. The ranking below re-asks the question at each of 606 catalogued coordinates and reports the difference from the median site — so a score of 46 here means “typical for Mercury”, not “good”.

Water on Mercury: Radar-bright deposits and MESSENGER neutron data put water ice in permanently shadowed polar craters. There is none anywhere else.

1KobroCrater82° S, 81° E54 km41.7-4.3
Temperature: About 11 °C mean at this latitude · Sunlight: 14% of the sunlight the sunniest latitude on Mercury gets
2EnsorCrater82° N, 18° W24.8 km41.8-4.2
Temperature: About 9 °C mean at this latitude · Sunlight: 13% of the sunlight the sunniest latitude on Mercury gets
3RizalCrater82° N, 147° W64 km41.8-4.2
Temperature: About 8 °C mean at this latitude · Sunlight: 13% of the sunlight the sunniest latitude on Mercury gets
4YamadaCrater83° N, 136° E17.1 km41.8-4.2
Temperature: About 8 °C mean at this latitude · Sunlight: 13% of the sunlight the sunniest latitude on Mercury gets
5FullerCrater83° N, 43° W27 km41.9-4.1
Temperature: About 7 °C mean at this latitude · Sunlight: 13% of the sunlight the sunniest latitude on Mercury gets
6Qiu YingCrater83° N, 86° W20 km41.9-4.1
Temperature: About 6 °C mean at this latitude · Sunlight: 13% of the sunlight the sunniest latitude on Mercury gets
7VonnegutCrater83° N, 110° E26.6 km41.9-4.1
Temperature: About 6 °C mean at this latitude · Sunlight: 13% of the sunlight the sunniest latitude on Mercury gets
8KomedaCrater83° S, 90° E54 km41.9-4.1
Temperature: About 6 °C mean at this latitude · Sunlight: 13% of the sunlight the sunniest latitude on Mercury gets
9KirbyCrater83° N, 151° W31 km42-4
Temperature: About 3 °C mean at this latitude · Sunlight: 12% of the sunlight the sunniest latitude on Mercury gets
10BechetCrater83° N, 94° W17.6 km42-4
Temperature: About 2 °C mean at this latitude · Sunlight: 12% of the sunlight the sunniest latitude on Mercury gets
11LaxnessCrater83° N, 50° W25.9 km42.1-3.9
Temperature: About 0 °C mean at this latitude · Sunlight: 12% of the sunlight the sunniest latitude on Mercury gets
12PetofiCrater84° S, 119° E61 km42.2-3.8
Temperature: About -3 °C mean at this latitude · Sunlight: 11% of the sunlight the sunniest latitude on Mercury gets
13JosetsuCrater84° N, 135° W30 km42.2-3.8
Temperature: About -3 °C mean at this latitude · Sunlight: 11% of the sunlight the sunniest latitude on Mercury gets
14CarolanCrater84° N, 32° E24.3 km42.3-3.7
Water: Inside the polar zone where Mercury keeps its ice · Sunlight: 11% of the sunlight the sunniest latitude on Mercury gets
15AristoxenusCrater84° N, 17° W52.1 km42.3-3.7
Water: Inside the polar zone where Mercury keeps its ice · Sunlight: 11% of the sunlight the sunniest latitude on Mercury gets
16RoerichCrater84° S, 59° W112 km42.4-3.6
Water: Inside the polar zone where Mercury keeps its ice · Sunlight: 10% of the sunlight the sunniest latitude on Mercury gets
17BuninCrater84° N, 142° W37 km42.5-3.5
Water: Inside the polar zone where Mercury keeps its ice · Sunlight: 10% of the sunlight the sunniest latitude on Mercury gets
18RemarqueCrater85° N, 6° W25.9 km42.6-3.4
Water: Inside the polar zone where Mercury keeps its ice · Sunlight: 9% of the sunlight the sunniest latitude on Mercury gets
19ProkofievCrater86° N, 63° E112 km43-3
Water: Inside the polar zone where Mercury keeps its ice · Sunlight: 7% of the sunlight the sunniest latitude on Mercury gets
20BoreaAlbedo Feature75° N, 0° E43-3
Temperature: About 60 °C mean at this latitude · Sunlight: 26% of the sunlight the sunniest latitude on Mercury gets
21BurkeCrater86° N, 172° W28.5 km43-3
Water: Inside the polar zone where Mercury keeps its ice · Sunlight: 7% of the sunlight the sunniest latitude on Mercury gets
22PetroniusCrater86° N, 41° W36 km43.1-2.9
Water: Inside the polar zone where Mercury keeps its ice · Sunlight: 7% of the sunlight the sunniest latitude on Mercury gets
23SapkotaCrater86° N, 133° W27.4 km43.1-2.9
Water: Inside the polar zone where Mercury keeps its ice · Sunlight: 7% of the sunlight the sunniest latitude on Mercury gets
24LovecraftCrater86° S, 74° W52 km43.2-2.8
Water: Inside the polar zone where Mercury keeps its ice · Sunlight: 7% of the sunlight the sunniest latitude on Mercury gets
25L’EngleCrater87° S, 70° E62 km43.3-2.7
Water: Inside the polar zone where Mercury keeps its ice · Sunlight: 6% of the sunlight the sunniest latitude on Mercury gets
26Tir PlanitiaPlanitia1° S, 177° W754 km43.7-2.3
Sunlight: 100% of the sunlight the sunniest latitude on Mercury gets · Water: Outside the ice-bearing latitudes
27Sihtu PlanitiaPlanitia3° S, 56° W565 km43.7-2.3
Sunlight: 100% of the sunlight the sunniest latitude on Mercury gets · Water: Outside the ice-bearing latitudes
28Lugus PlanitiaPlanitia6° S, 99° W574 km43.7-2.3
Sunlight: 99% of the sunlight the sunniest latitude on Mercury gets · Water: Outside the ice-bearing latitudes
29HurleyCrater87° S, 7° W67 km43.7-2.3
Water: Inside the polar zone where Mercury keeps its ice · Sunlight: 5% of the sunlight the sunniest latitude on Mercury gets
30Aparangi PlanitiaPlanitia7° N, 71° E1,077 km43.7-2.3
Sunlight: 99% of the sunlight the sunniest latitude on Mercury gets · Water: Outside the ice-bearing latitudes
31LismerCrater82° N, 166° E139 km43.7-2.3
Temperature: About 17 °C mean at this latitude · Sunlight: 15% of the sunlight the sunniest latitude on Mercury gets
32ScopasCrater81° S, 175° E83.2 km43.7-2.3
Temperature: About 19 °C mean at this latitude · Sunlight: 15% of the sunlight the sunniest latitude on Mercury gets
33YoshikawaCrater81° N, 106° E30 km43.7-2.3
Temperature: About 19 °C mean at this latitude · Sunlight: 15% of the sunlight the sunniest latitude on Mercury gets
34GoetheCrater81° N, 51° W317 km43.7-2.3
Temperature: About 20 °C mean at this latitude · Sunlight: 15% of the sunlight the sunniest latitude on Mercury gets
35DesprezCrater81° N, 101° W47.1 km43.7-2.3
Temperature: About 20 °C mean at this latitude · Sunlight: 16% of the sunlight the sunniest latitude on Mercury gets
36BoccaccioCrater81° S, 23° W152 km43.7-2.3
Temperature: About 21 °C mean at this latitude · Sunlight: 16% of the sunlight the sunniest latitude on Mercury gets
37JimenezCrater82° N, 152° W27 km43.7-2.3
Temperature: About 14 °C mean at this latitude · Sunlight: 14% of the sunlight the sunniest latitude on Mercury gets
38AnguissolaCrater81° N, 143° E35.4 km43.7-2.3
Temperature: About 23 °C mean at this latitude · Sunlight: 16% of the sunlight the sunniest latitude on Mercury gets
39PurcellCrater80° N, 152° W87.7 km43.8-2.2
Temperature: About 25 °C mean at this latitude · Sunlight: 17% of the sunlight the sunniest latitude on Mercury gets
40AngelouCrater80° N, 67° W18 km43.8-2.2
Temperature: About 26 °C mean at this latitude · Sunlight: 17% of the sunlight the sunniest latitude on Mercury gets
What this ranking cannot see

Elevation. Every score above comes from a latitude, a longitude and a feature class — never from a terrain model — so slope, local shadowing and the polar peaks of eternal light are invisible to it. That last one matters: on a world tilted barely a degree, a ridge top near the pole can catch sunlight almost continuously while a crater floor a few kilometres away has not seen the Sun in two billion years. This model scores the average surface at a latitude, so it reads poles as dark and ranks them accordingly. Where a real mission targets a pole, that is usually the reason — and the reason to read this as one input, not a verdict.