Что такое Magnetar?
A magnetar is a neutron star with an almost incomprehensible magnetic field — between 10^14 and 10^15 gauss, roughly a thousand times stronger than an ordinary pulsar and a quadrillion times stronger than Earth's. Only a few dozen are known, and they are the most magnetically extreme objects in the universe.
At these field strengths, magnetism stops being a subtle force and starts rewriting physics. Atoms are stretched into thin cigars aligned with the field; the vacuum itself becomes birefringent, bending light in ways that only quantum electrodynamics predicts. A magnetar at the distance of the Moon would erase every credit card on Earth and pull the iron from your blood.
The field is also a liability. It is strong enough to stress the star's rigid crust until it cracks in a starquake, releasing a burst of gamma rays and reconfiguring the field lines. These outbursts define the two observational classes: soft gamma repeaters and anomalous X-ray pulsars. The giant flare from SGR 1806-20 in December 2004 released more energy in a fifth of a second than the Sun emits in 250,000 years, and physically compressed Earth's ionosphere from 50,000 light-years away.
Magnetars burn out quickly by astronomical standards. The field brakes their rotation hard, slowing them to periods of several seconds within a few thousand years, after which they go quiet. In 2020 the magnetar SGR 1935+2154 emitted a fast radio burst detected from within our own galaxy — the first firm evidence linking magnetars to the FRB mystery.