Flan-PaLM 540B vs Gemini 1.0 Ultra

Flan-PaLM 540B (Google) and Gemini 1.0 Ultra (Google DeepMind) are both frontier AI models. Flan-PaLM 540B was published in October 2022 and Gemini 1.0 Ultra in December 2023.

Gemini 1.0 Ultra was trained on 5×10²⁵ FLOP, about 19.7x the compute of Flan-PaLM 540B at 2.5×10²⁴ FLOP. Training compute is the closest available proxy for how much was invested in a model, though it says nothing on its own about how well that compute was spent.

These two models share no benchmark on which both have been scored, so no direct performance comparison is possible here. The specification table below is a comparison of inputs, not of results.